QA:如果英國(guó)人從未來(lái)到印度，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？印度會(huì)有多發(fā)達(dá)？

What would have happened if the British never came to India? How developed would India have been?

2023-12-23 Natsuo 5950 37 3 收藏糾錯(cuò)&舉報(bào)

譯文簡(jiǎn)介

如果英國(guó)人從未對(duì)印度進(jìn)行過(guò)殖民統(tǒng)治，那么印度歷史的軌跡可能會(huì)有所不同。如果沒(méi)有殖民統(tǒng)治造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削和文化破壞，印度本可以保持殖民前的進(jìn)步。

正文翻譯

Shnayas
If the British had never colonized India, the trajectory of Indian history might have taken a different course. Without the economic exploitation and cultural disruptions caused by colonial rule, India could have maintained its pre-colonial advancements.

如果英國(guó)人從未對(duì)印度進(jìn)行過(guò)殖民統(tǒng)治，那么印度歷史的軌跡可能會(huì)有所不同。如果沒(méi)有殖民統(tǒng)治造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削和文化破壞，印度本可以保持殖民前的進(jìn)步。

In this alternate scenario, India might have continued its rich traditions in trade, science, and governance. The absence of British interference could have preserved indigenous industries, preventing the deindustrialization that occurred during colonial rule.

在另一種情況下，印度可能會(huì)延續(xù)其在貿(mào)易、科學(xué)和治理方面的豐富傳統(tǒng)。如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)的干預(yù)，本可以保護(hù)本土工業(yè)，防止殖民統(tǒng)治期間發(fā)生的去工業(yè)化。

Politically, India might have evolved differently, potentially maintaining its diverse array of regional kingdoms and governance structures. The impact of British-induced divisions and administrative changes could have been avoided, potentially leading to a more cohesive and culturally integrated subcontinent.

在政治上，印度可能會(huì)有不同的演變，有可能維持其多樣化的地區(qū)王國(guó)和治理結(jié)構(gòu)。英國(guó)引發(fā)的分裂和行政變革的影響本可以避免，有可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)更具凝聚力和文化融合的次大陸。

In terms of development, India might have witnessed a more organic and indigenous growth, building on its historical strengths in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. The continuity of traditional knowledge systems might have fostered a unique path to modernization, combining ancient wisdom with contemporary advancements.

就發(fā)展而言，印度可能會(huì)在數(shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的歷史優(yōu)勢(shì)基礎(chǔ)上，見(jiàn)證更有機(jī)、更本土的發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)體系的連續(xù)性可能培育了一條獨(dú)特的現(xiàn)代化之路，將古代智慧與當(dāng)代進(jìn)步相結(jié)合。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

In the absence of colonial legacies, societal structures might have evolved differently, potentially reducing caste-based divisions and fostering a more egalitarian society. However, predicting the exact outcome of such a scenario is complex, as historical developments are influenced by various factors.

在沒(méi)有殖民遺產(chǎn)的情況下，社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)可能會(huì)發(fā)生不同的演變，有可能減少基于種姓的分裂，促進(jìn)一個(gè)更加平等的社會(huì)。然而，預(yù)測(cè)這種情況的確切結(jié)果是復(fù)雜的，因?yàn)闅v史發(fā)展受到各種因素的影響。

In the modern era, India could have emerged as a strong, self-sufficient nation, leveraging its inherent strengths and cultural heritage. This speculative scenario, free from colonial exploitation, suggests a potential alternative history where India's development may have followed a more indigenous and harmonious trajectory.

在現(xiàn)代，印度本可以成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、自給自足的國(guó)家，利用其固有的優(yōu)勢(shì)和文化遺產(chǎn)。這種沒(méi)有殖民剝削的推測(cè)性情景表明，印度的發(fā)展可能遵循了一條更為本土和和諧的軌跡，這是一段潛在的替代歷史。

評(píng)論翻譯

Innominate
India would be in much better state than now. The British prenvented a large scale confilct between the Indian powers which could’ve resulted if they never united India. However, I believe it would have been better if India had it’s disastrous civil war or wars and then settle on the progressive path at once. Just look at countries like China, the USA and Japan. All were results of voilent conflicts with their oppressors or neighbors, after which there was no looking back. What happened with India is ‘it is still stuck in the problems it always had’. Japan had a violent crackdown on the order of the Samurai and the old Japanese feudual system.

印度的狀況會(huì)比現(xiàn)在好得多。英國(guó)在印度列強(qiáng)之間發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的沖突，如果他們不統(tǒng)一印度，這場(chǎng)沖突可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致。然而，我相信，如果印度經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)或多場(chǎng)災(zāi)難性的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，然后立即走上進(jìn)步的道路，那會(huì)更好?？纯粗袊?guó)、美國(guó)和日本這樣的國(guó)家就知道了。所有這些都是與壓迫者或鄰居發(fā)生激烈沖突的結(jié)果，之后就再也沒(méi)有回頭路了。印度的情況是“它仍然陷入了一直存在的問(wèn)題”。日本對(duì)武士的秩序和舊的日本封建制度進(jìn)行了暴力鎮(zhèn)壓。

Caste-creed, language and religion is not a problem exclusive to India. Every part of the world had it. Even in Europe, Nobles and clergy oppressed the masses. In the UK, the nobility and clergy still gets privileges and keeps titles. The concept of Samurai, Counts and Lords, etc is no different than caste. The UK had conflict with Ireland because of religion. They could not tolerate the catholics, being protestant. Europe has as many dominant languages as India. India has no special curse when it comes to these problems. India would have been done with this crap like these places.

種姓信仰、語(yǔ)言和宗教并不是印度獨(dú)有的問(wèn)題。世界各地都有。甚至在歐洲，貴族和神職人員也壓迫大眾。在英國(guó)，貴族和神職人員仍然享有特權(quán)并保留頭銜。武士、伯爵和領(lǐng)主等的概念與種姓沒(méi)有什么不同。英國(guó)因宗教原因與愛(ài)爾蘭發(fā)生沖突。他們不能容忍天主教，因?yàn)樗麄兪切陆探掏?。歐洲的主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言和印度一樣多。在這些問(wèn)題上，印度沒(méi)有什么特別的詛咒。印度早就受夠了這些地方的垃圾。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

When there is sense of competition and awareness of what is going around, countries tend to develop. Even if India were broken up in 8–9 countries, at least one of them would have developed. Then the rest could have followed in pursuit. We would have ended in much better state. What is even the point of being a single country. I know the conditions in places like Balkans and Syria-Iraq-Iran, but given the scale of India it does not seem like India could maintain some state of conflict for so long.

當(dāng)存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)和對(duì)周圍事物的認(rèn)識(shí)時(shí)，國(guó)家往往會(huì)得到發(fā)展。即使印度分裂成 8-9 個(gè)國(guó)家，至少也會(huì)有一個(gè)國(guó)家得到發(fā)展。然后，其他國(guó)家也會(huì)緊隨其后。我們的結(jié)局會(huì)好得多。作為一個(gè)國(guó)家還有什么意義。我知道巴爾干半島和敘利亞-伊拉克-伊朗等地的情況，但考慮到印度的規(guī)模，印度似乎不可能長(zhǎng)期保持某種沖突狀態(tài)。

The population would probably not be this high. It would have capped at 500 milllion at best. There won’t be absolute poverty of the kind we had after Indipendence. People had more children for more income. They kept trying for a boy to sustain. No one was fond of having children. If British never came and India had it’s mass conflict, progress would follow. Either ways, absolute poverty would not have been an problem, given how blessed India is with resourses and fertile land. Rulers would not want too many poor jerks lurking around the town if they were not their votebanks.

人口可能不會(huì)這么多。最多也就 5 億人。不會(huì)出現(xiàn)獨(dú)立后的那種絕對(duì)貧困。人們?yōu)榱烁嗟氖杖攵嗟暮⒆?。他們一直想生個(gè)男孩來(lái)維持生計(jì)。沒(méi)有人喜歡生孩子。如果英國(guó)人沒(méi)來(lái)過(guò)，印度發(fā)生了大規(guī)模沖突，進(jìn)步就會(huì)隨之而來(lái)。無(wú)論如何，絕對(duì)貧困都不是問(wèn)題，因?yàn)橛《葥碛械锰飒?dú)厚的資源和肥沃的土地。如果窮人不是他們的票倉(cāng)，統(tǒng)治者也不希望有太多的窮人在城里游蕩。

Jim
Colonization isn’t good for any country, if agreed with the people who have suffered in those times, it’s actually more than just taking away your freedom. From the economic losses to the change in cultural habitat, from the division of political parties to the division of nations. It all makes colonization of one country on another, for whatever reasons, almost always a bad choice. Keeping this in mind here is the list of TOP 4 things which would have been different if Britishers never colonized India.

殖民主義對(duì)任何國(guó)家都沒(méi)有好處，如果與那些時(shí)代受苦受難的人達(dá)成一致，它實(shí)際上不僅僅是剝奪你的自由。從經(jīng)濟(jì)損失到文化棲息地的變化，從政黨分裂到國(guó)家分裂。這一切使得一個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)另一個(gè)國(guó)家的殖民化，無(wú)論出于何種原因，幾乎總是一個(gè)糟糕的選擇。記住這一點(diǎn)，這里列出了四大事情，如果英國(guó)人從未殖民過(guò)印度，這些事情就會(huì)有所不同。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

1. India as a unified nation wouldn’t have existed.
Though we could have said that India, could have been a singular nation. As elites and educated people in almost all parts of India, from Kashmir to Kerala, learned and used Sanskrit. But the same was the condition of Europe with Latin. And after that due geographical and cultural differences slowly and steadily they started adapting regional languages like English, French, or German. The same could have happened with India as well. Where Rajputs in the west, Bengal in the east, Mysore and Maratha in the south. India would have been 10 to 16 separate countries, mostly small and few large. Also, the British didn’t unify India out of benevolence to help the poor natives. They did it out of personal economic-interest, but in the process, they managed to create the first Indian state that called itself India.

1.印度作為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家是不可能存在的。
盡管我們本可以說(shuō)印度是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的國(guó)家。從克什米爾到喀拉拉邦，印度幾乎所有地區(qū)的精英和受過(guò)教育的人都學(xué)習(xí)和使用梵語(yǔ)。但歐洲與拉丁語(yǔ)的情況也是如此。在那之后，由于地理和文化差異，他們開(kāi)始緩慢而穩(wěn)定地適應(yīng)英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)或德語(yǔ)等地區(qū)語(yǔ)言。同樣的情況也可能發(fā)生在印度。Rajput在西部，Bengal在東部，Mysore和Maratha在南部。印度將是10到16個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家，大多是小國(guó)，很少有大國(guó)。此外，英國(guó)人并不是出于幫助貧窮的當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜蚀榷y(tǒng)一印度的。他們這樣做是出于個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，但在此過(guò)程中，他們成功地建立了第一個(gè)自稱為印度的印度國(guó)家。

2. India would have been the most prosperous country in the world.
At the time, India exported textiles, indigo, salt, sugar, spices, beads, sealing wax, and much more. Indian traders usually demanded gold and silver as payment, instead of goods. This was also the era when Europeans were extracting huge amounts of gold and silver from the Americans. A large part of this European bullion was ending up in India.

2. 印度將是世界上最繁榮的國(guó)家。
當(dāng)時(shí)，印度出口紡織品、靛藍(lán)、鹽、糖、香料、珠子、封蠟等等。印度商人通常要求黃金和白銀作為支付，而不是貨物。這也是歐洲人從美國(guó)人那里榨取大量黃金和白銀的時(shí)代。這些歐洲黃金的很大一部分最終流入了印度。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

But during the British rule, and India was practically commercialized. A new phenomenon occurred known as the de-industrialization of India. India’s most profitable industries slumped to their lowest level due to heavy taxation, high tariffs, and mostly corruption. Especially the destruction of the textile industry will be remembered as the first significant deindustrialization in the modern era.
If it wasn’t this India would have had it’s own inventions and would have been one of the world leaders in the manufacturing sector. In the year 1700, India’s share of the global economy was around 25 percent, according to economic historian Angus Maddison. But by 1950, our share of the global economy was 5 percent.

但在英國(guó)統(tǒng)治期間，印度實(shí)際上已經(jīng)商業(yè)化了。出現(xiàn)了一種被稱為印度去工業(yè)化的新現(xiàn)象。由于重稅、高關(guān)稅和大部分腐敗，印度利潤(rùn)最高的行業(yè)跌至最低水平。尤其是紡織業(yè)的破壞將被人們銘記為現(xiàn)代第一次重大的去工業(yè)化。
如果不是這樣，印度將擁有自己的發(fā)明，并將成為世界制造業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之一。經(jīng)濟(jì)歷史學(xué)家Angus Maddison表示，1700年，印度在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的份額約為25%。但到1950年，我們?cè)谌蚪?jīng)濟(jì)中的份額為5%。

3. There would have been no Hindu-Muslim Wars:-
Indian history has been a classical case where minorities have ruled the majority for thousands of years, yet the nation continued to be separated from any kind of polarization and peace prevailed. The Indian subcontinent is a historical case of toleration, mutual respect for religion, and co-existence.

3.不會(huì)有印度教-穆斯林戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：-
印度歷史上是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的例子，數(shù)千年來(lái)，少數(shù)民族一直統(tǒng)治著多數(shù)民族，但這個(gè)國(guó)家仍然與任何形式的兩極分化分離，和平盛行。印度次大陸是一個(gè)寬容、相互尊重宗教和共存的歷史案例。

Apart from the politicians and the corrupt leaders of our country, Hindu-Muslim wars hadn’t been profitable to anyone. Before the British rule, Mughals were ruling India in the north and Shivaji, an upcoming Hindu leader was trying to repel the same from the south. Clearly, there were some dissimilarities between the Hindus, who used to look up to Guptas and Maurayas rule as the golden period of India and the Musli..., who considered themselves better in Mughal age. But till the eighteenth and half of the nineteenth century, people were not aware of strong Com...ism either on the Hindu side or on the Muslim side. Most Muslim elites in South Asia were strongly aware of their unique cultural identity — with significant influence from the Middle East — separate from the more subcontinent-centric Hindus, got along well with Hindus.

除了我國(guó)的政客和腐敗領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，印度教-穆斯林戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)任何人都沒(méi)有好處。在英國(guó)統(tǒng)治之前，莫臥兒人統(tǒng)治著印度北部，而即將上任的印度教領(lǐng)袖希瓦吉正試圖擊退來(lái)自南部的莫臥兒。很明顯，印度教徒和穆斯林之間存在一些不同，前者曾將笈多王朝和莫臥兒的統(tǒng)治視為印度的黃金時(shí)期，后者認(rèn)為自己在莫臥兒時(shí)代表現(xiàn)得更好。但直到十九世紀(jì)十八半葉，人們才意識(shí)到印度教或穆斯林的強(qiáng)烈共產(chǎn)主義。南亞的大多數(shù)穆斯林精英都強(qiáng)烈意識(shí)到他們獨(dú)特的文化身份——受到中東的重大影響——與更以次大陸為中心的印度教徒不同，與印度教徒相處得很好。

4.Enter the British: Communalism got into the nerves of India during the 1850s, as the British used communalism as a policy to divide and rule people. British ensured that they do not remain the common enemy of the Indians. British have not only divided people on the lines of caste, or religion, but also on the basis of region. Since then, India is gripped under religious polarisation and as a result, the social fabric of the country continues to be affected deeply.

4.英國(guó)人的介入 19 世紀(jì) 50 年代，英國(guó)人利用族群主義作為分化和統(tǒng)治人民的政策，族群主義開(kāi)始侵入印度人的神經(jīng)。英國(guó)人確保他們不會(huì)繼續(xù)成為印度人的共同敵人。英國(guó)人不僅根據(jù)種姓或宗教劃分人民，還根據(jù)地區(qū)劃分人民。從那時(shí)起，印度就陷入了宗教兩極分化的困境，國(guó)家的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)也因此繼續(xù)受到嚴(yán)重影響。

5. We would have been more gratified of our culture:-
Once there used to live a peacock and an eagle in the woods. The peacock assembled his home on the ground and used to perch on the lower parts of trees, while the eagle had constructed his home on the highest parts of the trees. The peacock used to feel awful that while eagle could fly high in the sky, he could just fly as high as to go just up to the branches. He took a look at his plumage and figured, just on the off chance that I didn’t have this train of quills behind me, I would have the option to take off as high in the sky like the eagle. So he chops down his tail and put in full exertion to fly as high as possible, however regardless of how hard he attempted, he despite everything couldn’t fly as high as the hawk. Seeing this tailless peacock battling to fly up in the sky was an incredible diversion for all the creatures in the woodland.

5.我們會(huì)對(duì)我們的文化更加滿意：-
從前森林里住著一只孔雀和一只鷹?？兹赴鸭医ㄔ诘厣?，過(guò)去常棲息在樹(shù)的下部，而鷹則把家建造在樹(shù)的最高部分?？兹冈?jīng)覺(jué)得很可怕，因?yàn)辁椏梢燥w得很高，但它只能飛到樹(shù)枝上。他看了一眼自己的羽毛，心想，如果我身后沒(méi)有這串羽毛，我可以選擇像鷹一樣在高空起飛。因此，他砍下尾巴，竭盡全力飛得盡可能高，然而，無(wú)論他多么努力，他無(wú)論如何都飛不到鷹那么高?？吹竭@只無(wú)尾孔雀在空中奮力飛翔，對(duì)林地里的所有生物來(lái)說(shuō)都是一種難以置信的消遣。

Till now we are more pulled in to remote merchandise and items. Rather than making something of our own, we intensely depend on imported items from nations like China, the USA, Israel, Russia, and so forth… Most of the Indians act like that peacock, we have a feeling of inadequacy instilled in us. A considerable lot of us think anything Indian is sub-par compared to at all western items, even our organization names are kept like they are from outside. Why so?

到目前為止，我們更多地被遙遠(yuǎn)的商品和物品所吸引。我們不是自己制造東西，而是嚴(yán)重依賴從中國(guó)、美國(guó)、以色列、俄羅斯等國(guó)進(jìn)口商品，大多數(shù)印度人表現(xiàn)得像只孔雀，我們有一種不足的感覺(jué)。我們中相當(dāng)多的人認(rèn)為，與西方產(chǎn)品相比，印度的任何東西都是次等的，甚至我們的組織名稱也被保留得像來(lái)自國(guó)外一樣。為什么如此?

British designed the modern Indian education system and as expected it was great in instilling western values in the Indian youth but it downplayed the importance of Indian culture and values. It is obviously not their shortcoming, actually, we ought to be grateful to the British for the brilliant endowment of the advanced training frxwork, it has served us truly well. Be that as it may, after freedom, our educational program ought to have adjusted Indian qualities likewise, which we didn’t do quite well. Without British standard, we would invest wholeheartedly in our way of life and our qualities may most likely have stricter principles on introducing ourselves to the worldwide economy.

英國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)了現(xiàn)代印度教育體系，不出所料，它在向印度青年灌輸西方價(jià)值觀方面做得很好，但它淡化了印度文化和價(jià)值觀的重要性。這顯然不是他們的缺點(diǎn)，事實(shí)上，我們應(yīng)該感謝英國(guó)人提供的先進(jìn)訓(xùn)練框架，它對(duì)我們真的很有幫助。盡管如此，在自由之后，我們的教育計(jì)劃也應(yīng)該調(diào)整印度人的素質(zhì)，但我們做得不太好。如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們將全心全意地投資于我們的生活方式，我們的素質(zhì)很可能在向世界經(jīng)濟(jì)介紹自己時(shí)有更嚴(yán)格的原則。

Abraham Williams
If the British had never come to India, India would have continued to be ruled by its various local rulers and dynasties. India would have continued to develop in its own way, without the influence of British rule. India would have likely seen a great deal of progress in terms of science, technology, and industry, as Indian thinkers and inventors had already made great strides in these fields prior to Britain’s arrival. India would also have likely seen a great deal of social and political progress, as the various local rulers and authorities would have been free to implement their own policies and reforms.

如果英國(guó)人從未來(lái)到印度，印度將繼續(xù)由其不同的地方統(tǒng)治者和王朝統(tǒng)治。如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)統(tǒng)治的影響，印度將繼續(xù)以自己的方式發(fā)展。印度很可能會(huì)在科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)方面取得巨大進(jìn)步，因?yàn)樵谟?guó)到來(lái)之前，印度的思想家和發(fā)明家已經(jīng)在這些領(lǐng)域取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步。印度也可能會(huì)看到大量的社會(huì)和政治進(jìn)步，因?yàn)楦鱾€(gè)地方統(tǒng)治者和當(dāng)局可以自由地實(shí)施自己的政策和改革。

In modern India, the system would have been very different from what it is today. India would have likely seen a greater degree of regional autonomy, with local rulers and authorities having more control over their own affairs. India would also likely have been more decentralized, with each region having its own distinct culture and customs. In terms of economics, India would likely have had a much more diverse range of industries, as the British had encouraged the growth of certain industries while discouraging others. In terms of politics, India would likely have had much less centralization, with each region having its own laws and policies.

在現(xiàn)代印度，這一體系將與今天大不相同。印度可能會(huì)有更大程度的地區(qū)自治，地方統(tǒng)治者和當(dāng)局對(duì)自己的事務(wù)有更多的控制權(quán)。印度也可能會(huì)更加分散，每個(gè)地區(qū)都有自己獨(dú)特的文化和習(xí)俗。從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來(lái)看，印度的產(chǎn)業(yè)可能會(huì)更加多樣化，因?yàn)橛?guó)鼓勵(lì)某些產(chǎn)業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)，而不鼓勵(lì)其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)。在政治方面，印度的集權(quán)程度可能會(huì)大大降低，每個(gè)地區(qū)都有自己的法律和政策。

Nishit Bavishi
It is difficult to say exactly what would have happened if the British never came to India, as it is a counterfactual scenario. However, it is likely that India would have developed differently without British colonialism.
Before the arrival of the British, India had a rich history of trade and cultural exchange. Indian merchants traded with countries as far away as China and Africa, and Indian textile and metalworking industries were highly developed. It is possible that without British intervention, these industries could have continued to flourish and possibly even developed into modern manufacturing.

如果英國(guó)人從未來(lái)過(guò)印度，很難說(shuō)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，因?yàn)檫@是一種反事實(shí)的情況。然而，如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)的殖民主義，印度很可能會(huì)有不同的發(fā)展。
在英國(guó)人到來(lái)之前，印度有著豐富的貿(mào)易和文化交流歷史。印度商人與遙遠(yuǎn)的中國(guó)和非洲國(guó)家進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，印度的紡織和金屬加工業(yè)高度發(fā)達(dá)。如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)的干預(yù)，這些行業(yè)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)繁榮，甚至發(fā)展成為現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)。

In terms of political and social systems, it is likely that India would have had a different history without British colonialism. The British implemented a centralized system of governance and established a legal system based on British common law, which has had a lasting impact on India's institutions. Without British influence, India's political and social systems would likely have evolved differently.

就政治和社會(huì)制度而言，如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)殖民主義，印度很可能會(huì)有不同的歷史。英國(guó)實(shí)行中央集權(quán)的治理體系，建立了以英國(guó)普通法為基礎(chǔ)的法律體系，這對(duì)印度的制度產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)的影響，印度的政治和社會(huì)制度可能會(huì)有不同的演變。

It is important to note that British colonialism had a profound impact on India, both positive and negative. While India's economy and political systems were modernized under British rule, the country also suffered greatly as a result of the exploitation and oppression that accompanied colonialism.

值得注意的是，英國(guó)殖民主義對(duì)印度產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，既有積極的影響，也有消極的影響。雖然印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治制度在英國(guó)統(tǒng)治下實(shí)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代化，但該國(guó)也因殖民主義帶來(lái)的剝削和壓迫而遭受了巨大痛苦。

英國(guó)人 印度 發(fā)達(dá)

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QA:如果英國(guó)人從未來(lái)到印度，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？印度會(huì)有多發(fā)達(dá)？

QA:如果英國(guó)人從未來(lái)到印度，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？印度會(huì)有多發(fā)達(dá)？