人類會(huì)在火星上生活嗎?

Dan Bradbury
Do you think humans can really build civilization on Mars?
Can, as in “totally possible within the laws of physics”? Yes, of course. We have the engineering prowess to invent the technology to do so.

你認(rèn)為人類真的能在火星上建立文明嗎？
能夠，就像“這在物理定律下是完全可能的嗎”？是的，當(dāng)然。我們有強(qiáng)大的工程技術(shù)來發(fā)明這樣的技術(shù)。

Can, as in “right now”? No. As a general rule, if we haven’t done it EVER, then we don’t have the technology. We can send probes (barely, at that). We haven’t sent people. Entire processes and technology would need to be invented to do that. As I mentioned, if we took the limit off the top of spending, then that would make it happen sooner.
Can, as in “will we ever”? I think so. I don’t think we’ll colonize Mars. I think that —based on any obxtive view of history— we become less and less comfortable with perils the more technology we have to remove them.

能夠，就像“現(xiàn)在就能做到嗎？不能。一般來說，如果我們以前從未做到過，那我們就沒有技術(shù)。我們可以發(fā)送探測(cè)器（勉強(qiáng)）。我們還沒有送人去火星。要做到這一點(diǎn)，整個(gè)流程和技術(shù)都需要被發(fā)明出來。但正如我所提到的，如果我們不計(jì)成本，那么有可能更快實(shí)現(xiàn)。
能夠，就像“我們將來能做到嗎？我認(rèn)為會(huì)。我不認(rèn)為我們會(huì)殖民火星。我之所以認(rèn)為，是基于對(duì)歷史的客觀看法——隨著我們掌握的技術(shù)越來越多，我們會(huì)越來越不在乎危險(xiǎn)——我們?cè)絹碓接屑夹g(shù)消除危險(xiǎn)。

To that end, I think that 1000–3000m diameter rotating ships in space with the ability to maneuver out of the way of obxts and the ability to harness energy from the sun will be our future. We may not even be “human” at that point, perhaps rotating will be a worthless thought. If we remain much as we are, then some form of gravity, a large interior space (a few kilometers across) with an internal light source and heavily regulated environment will be the aim.

為此，我認(rèn)為未來需要直徑1000 - 3000米的太空旋轉(zhuǎn)飛船，這些飛船能夠避開物體，并能夠利用太陽的能量。到那時(shí)，我們甚至可能不再是“人類”，旋轉(zhuǎn)可能是一個(gè)毫無價(jià)值的想法。如果我們保持現(xiàn)狀，那么某種形式的重力，一個(gè)巨大的內(nèi)部空間(幾公里寬)，內(nèi)部光源和嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管的環(huán)境將是目標(biāo)。

Ernest W. Adams
What is the likelihood that humans will eventually live on Mars?
For short periods on a scientific outpost, good.
For their whole lives on a permanent colony, not good. Any population living on Mars will require assistance from Earth indefinitely.
Also it’s a pretty lousy place to live regardless. I don’t think many people are going to want to raise their children in a place where they’ll never see a flower or an animal.

人類最終在火星上居住的可能性有多大？
在科學(xué)前哨站呆上一段時(shí)間，可能性很大。
要永久性殖民火星，并在火星度過他們的一生，可能性不大。任何生活在火星上的人口將無限期地需要地球的援助。
而且不管怎樣，這是一個(gè)非常糟糕的地方。我想沒有多少人愿意讓他們的孩子在一個(gè)看不到花或動(dòng)物的地方長(zhǎng)大。

Sebastian Boyd
can we survive on mars?
While it is true Humans cannot survive on Mars without a spacesuit and special equipment, it does not mean we can’t live there.
Mars has all the resources necessary to sustain civilization as we know it. Iron, Carbon, Water Ice, Silicon, and just about every other element needed to support industry on Earth can be found in various forms on Mars. Using these resources, we can manufacture plastics, metals, electronics, with which we can make clothing, habitats, vehicles, computers, solar panels, wire, piping, containers, or anything else we require.

我們能在火星上生存嗎？
雖然人類在沒有太空服和特殊設(shè)備的情況下無法在火星上生存，但這并不意味著我們不能在那里生活。
火星擁有我們所知的維持文明所需的所有資源。鐵、碳、水冰、硅以及幾乎所有其他支持地球上工業(yè)的元素，都可以在火星上以各種形式找到。利用這些資源，我們可以制造塑料、金屬、電子產(chǎn)品，用它們我們可以制作衣物、棲息地、車輛、電腦、太陽能板、電線、管道、容器或我們所需的任何其他東西。

In the shorter term, it is possible to produce both Oxygen and rocket fuel (Methalox) on Mars using the well known Sabatier Reaction, which uses hydrogen (Either imported or split from locally mined water ice) and the planet’s plentiful Carbon Dioxide atmosphere to produce Methane and water, which can then be split through electrolysis into Oxygen for breathing and Hydrogen to use as fuel or be fed back into the reactor to make more Methane and water.
As for growing food, tests have been performed growing wheat, beats, carrots, and many other crops in simulated Martian soil with moderate success. However it is known that Martian soil lacks much of the nitrogen that plants need to be healthy. This can in fact be remedied very easily by mixing the soil with specially treated solid waste (yes poo) exactly as is done to fertilize fields on here on earth, as human waste is very high in nitrogen and other things plants need to grow, such as helpful bacteria.

短期內(nèi)，在火星上使用眾所周知的薩巴捷反應(yīng)（Sabatier反應(yīng)）可以生產(chǎn)氧氣和火箭燃料（甲烷-液氧，Methalox），薩巴捷反應(yīng)利用氫氣(進(jìn)口或從當(dāng)?shù)亻_采的水冰中分離)和地球上豐富的二氧化碳大氣產(chǎn)生甲烷和水，然后通過電解分解成供呼吸的氧氣和用作燃料的氫氣，或者反饋到反應(yīng)堆中以產(chǎn)生更多的甲烷和水。
至于種植食物，已經(jīng)在模擬火星土壤中進(jìn)行了小麥、甜菜、胡蘿卜和許多其他作物的試驗(yàn)，并取得了一定的成功。然而，眾所周知，火星土壤缺乏植物健康所需的大量氮。事實(shí)上，這可以很容易地通過將土壤與經(jīng)過特殊處理的固體廢物(是的，糞便)混合來補(bǔ)救，就像在地球上給田地施肥一樣，因?yàn)槿祟惣S便中含有很高的氮和植物生長(zhǎng)所需的其他物質(zhì)，比如有益的細(xì)菌。

Other commonly cited obstacles to human exploration and settlement of Mars are Radiation, low gravity, and prolonged isolation. However, all of these are solvable problems.
It is my understanding that the radiation received from a three-year round trip to the red planet is sufficient to increase the risk of cancer by about 1%, meaning that if you sent a someone who smokes on such a mission and they gave up the habit in the process they would be reducing their risk of cancer by more than 25%. On the surface radiation can be reduced to terrestrial levels simply by burying the habitats people live in or even putting sandbags on top.
The Gravity issue is the most difficult to answer. Mars’ gravity is about one-third that of Earth’s, and while the effects of zero g’s on the human body are well known to be fairly adverse, we don’t know if the gravity on Mars is enough to avoid these effects, but we also won’t be able to find out unless we go.

人類探索和定居火星的其他常見障礙是輻射、低重力和長(zhǎng)期隔離。然而，所有這些問題都是可以解決的。
據(jù)我了解，往返火星三年所受的輻射足以使患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加1%左右，這意味著，如果你派一個(gè)吸煙的人去執(zhí)行這樣的任務(wù)，并在此過程中戒掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣，他們患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將降低25%以上。在地表，只需將人們居住的棲息地埋起來，甚至在頂部放置沙袋，就可以將輻射降低到地球水平。
重力問題是最難回答的?；鹦堑闹亓Υ蠹s是地球的三分之一，雖然零重力對(duì)人類的不良影響眾所周知，我們不知道火星上的重力是否足以避免這些影響，但除非我們上到火星，否則也無法找到答案。

The psychological issues are mostly easily avoidable. being in stressful, high risk situations away from home is something thousands of soldiers go through daily, and the prospect of leaving home and family to explore and settle a dangerous new world is one countless pilgrims, pioneers, and frontiersmen embraced over three hundred years ago.
The question of Mars is no longer how or even why, it is when and who.

心理問題大多是很容易避免的。身處緊張、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)是成千上萬的士兵每天都要經(jīng)歷的事情，而離開家園和家人去探索一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的新世界并在那定居的前景是三百多年前無數(shù)朝圣者、拓荒者和拓荒者所接受的。
在火星生活的問題不再是如何生活或?yàn)槭裁匆セ鹦巧睿呛螘r(shí)去和誰去的問題。

Michael Laitman
I wrote about the idea of humans moving to Mars in an article I once published in KabNet. I’m posting the article here as it has what I have to say on the topic:
A Vision of Humans on Mars in the Year 2100
This is a story about our journey to Mars.
It’s the year 2100. Over 11 billion people inhabit the planet. Heightened global warming caused the sea to rise over coastal regions and islands, displacing hundreds of millions of people.
Many of them didn’t make it.
Diseases, impoverished conditions, famine and wars caused the deaths of millions more in the process.
Hope seems bleak on planet Earth. But as always the case throughout history, people await, still hopeful for better times.
Testimonials of Mars’ first inhabitants portray it as humanity’s safehaven. In the meantime, on Earth people suffer ecological, economic, social and psychological peril.

我曾在KabNet（一個(gè)與卡巴拉教育和研究相關(guān)的網(wǎng)站）上發(fā)表過一篇關(guān)于人類移居火星的想法的文章。我把這篇文章貼在這里，因?yàn)樗形覍?duì)這個(gè)話題的看法:
2100年，人類關(guān)于火星上的愿景
這是一個(gè)關(guān)于我們前往火星的旅程的故事。
現(xiàn)在是2100年，這個(gè)星球上人口超過110億。全球變暖加劇導(dǎo)致沿海地區(qū)和島嶼海平面上升，數(shù)億人流離失所。
他們中的許多人無法活下來。
在這個(gè)過程中因疾病、貧困條件、饑荒和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)致無數(shù)人死亡。
地球上的希望似乎很渺茫。但正如歷史上一直以來的情況，人們?nèi)栽诘却?，仍然?duì)更好的時(shí)代抱有希望。
火星上第一批居民的證詞將其描繪成人類的避風(fēng)港。與此同時(shí)，在地球上，人們?cè)馐苤鷳B(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和心理上的危險(xiǎn)。

Mars’ first cities, breathable air, drinking water, growing crops, thriving infrastructure… Mars looks like humanity’s next step, and millions of people gear up to move their lives to the red planet.
This neo-romantic narrative of tragedy and hope isn’t emerging from novelists or Hollywood directors. It emerged from one of the modern era’s foremost scientists, the late Stephen Hawking:
“I am arguing for the future of humanity and a long-term strategy to achieve this. We have given our planet the disastrous gift of climate change … When we have reached similar crises there has usually been somewhere else to colonize … But there is no new world, no utopia around the corner. … We are running out of space, and the only places to go to are other worlds.” (Source: Vox)
Elon Musk and his SpaceX company also aim to send people to Mars during our lifetime. Even Donald Trump said he wants to send people to Mars during his term/s as President.
I disagree with them all on this issue.
I see a completely different narrative. You could also call it neo-romantic. Yet, whether it’s an epic tale of immense tragedy or euphoric joy depends on the choices humanity will make moving forward.

火星上的第一個(gè)城市，可呼吸的空氣，飲用水，種植作物，繁榮的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施……火星看起來是人類的下一進(jìn)程，數(shù)百萬準(zhǔn)備將他們的生活搬到這個(gè)紅色星球上。
這種關(guān)于悲劇和希望的新浪漫主義敘事并非出自小說家或好萊塢導(dǎo)演之手。這是現(xiàn)代最重要的科學(xué)家之一，已故的斯蒂芬·霍金提出的:
“我主張人類的未來和實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略。我們把氣候變化這個(gè)災(zāi)難性的禮物送給了地球……當(dāng)我們遇到類似的危機(jī)時(shí)，通常會(huì)有其他地方進(jìn)行殖民……但是沒有新世界，沒有烏托邦。我們的空間快用完了，唯一能去的地方就是其他星球了。(來源:Vox)
埃隆·馬斯克和他的SpaceX公司也計(jì)劃在我們的有生之年將人類送上火星。就連唐納德·特朗普也表示，他想在總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)把人送上火星。
在這個(gè)問題上我不同意他們所有人的看法。
我看到了完全不同的敘述。你也可以稱之為新浪漫主義。然而，無論是巨大的悲劇還是欣喜若狂的喜悅，都取決于人類未來所做的選擇。

The Next 100 Years: Other Dimensions Version
This story is not about sending humans to Mars… but to other dimensions.
It’s the year 2100. Over 11 billion people inhabit the planet.
11 billion people… but they feel as one.

下一個(gè)100年:其他維度版本
這個(gè)故事不是要把人類送上火星，而是要把人類送上其他維度。
現(xiàn)在是2100年，超過110億人居住在地球上。
110億人，但他們感覺自己是一個(gè)整體。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

The various crises of the past century thrust people to their knees. Desperate and helpless in the face of entangling economic, ecological, social and psychological mess, more and more people asked where their life was headed, why was there so much suffering, and what was the meaning of their lives.
Many people became lost, drowning these questions in drugs, entertainment and extremism. However, many people woke up to a great revelation, finding new answers to the questions.
These people learned wisdom, becoming more aware of themselves and their environment.
They created and joined groups to implement what they learned.
They experienced new elated sensations—states of unity.
They shared their experiences with others.
People learned that they didn’t need to look outside themselves, to other planets. They learned that the cause of their problems was in their attitude, covertly growing more and more egoistic, i.e. wishing to enjoy at the expense of others. Moreover, they learned that the solution to their problems was to fix this egoistic attitude.

過去一個(gè)世紀(jì)的各種危機(jī)使人們跪倒在地。面對(duì)紛繁復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)、社會(huì)和心理問題，越來越多的人感到絕望和無助，他們問自己的生活將走向何方，為什么會(huì)有這么多的痛苦，他們生活的意義是什么。
許多人迷失了方向，把這些問題淹沒在毒品、娛樂和極端主義中。然而，許多人幡然醒悟，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)偉大的啟示，找到了新的答案。
這些人學(xué)會(huì)了智慧，變得更加了解自己和周圍的環(huán)境。
他們創(chuàng)建并加入了團(tuán)體來實(shí)施他們所學(xué)到的東西。
他們經(jīng)歷了一種新的興奮的感覺——團(tuán)結(jié)的狀態(tài)。
他們與他人分享了他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，他們不需要把目光投向自己以外的星球。他們了解到問題的根源在于他們的態(tài)度，暗中變得越來越自私，即希望以犧牲他人為代價(jià)來享受。此外，他們了解到解決問題的辦法是糾正這種自私的態(tài)度。

To work on fixing this attitude, more and more people gathered in groups. Routine group learning in workplaces, schools, kindergartens, retirement homes, and on TVs and the Internet for people at home, developed a new elevated sense of mutual understanding and support as they started feeling an omnipresent field of existence outside the ego.
Their newly discovered connections made them feel revitalized enjoyment, happiness and motivation: to help each other experience that most perfect feeling stemming from human connection. The regular learning, exercises and workshops to improve human relations gradually gave birth to a new attitude: a natural urge to care for one another.

為了改變這種態(tài)度，越來越多的人聚集在一起。在工作場(chǎng)所、學(xué)校、幼兒園、養(yǎng)老院、家里的電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行的常規(guī)小組學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)他們開始感受到自我之外無所不在的存在時(shí)，發(fā)展了一種新的、更高層次的相互理解和支持感
他們新發(fā)現(xiàn)的聯(lián)系使他們感到重新煥發(fā)活力的享受、幸福和動(dòng)力:幫助彼此體驗(yàn)源于人際關(guān)系的最完美的感覺。通過定期的學(xué)習(xí)、練習(xí)和研討會(huì)來改善人際關(guān)系，逐漸產(chǎn)生了一種新的態(tài)度:一種相互關(guān)心的自然沖動(dòng)。

Moreover, they discovered in this new attitude to each other, the solution to all of life’s problems.
This sublime revelation rendered the prospect of inhabiting other planets irrelevant. Our entire corporeal existence—food, sex, family, money, honor, control, knowledge—together with vast untouched territories on the moon and on Mars, all became insignificantly small compared to the exalted dimension of mutual thought, desire and consciousness we accessed.
This is just a small peek into a could-be future if we would start shifting our life’s focus.
Why do Today’s Problems and Outlooks on the Future Seem So Daunting?
It’s because we look at them from our narrow, egoistic perspective.

而且，他們?cè)谶@種對(duì)待彼此的新態(tài)度中發(fā)現(xiàn)了解決生活中所有問題的辦法。
這一崇高的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得居住在其他星球的前景變得無關(guān)緊要。我們整個(gè)物質(zhì)存在——食物、性、家庭、金錢、榮譽(yù)、控制、知識(shí)——以及月球和火星上廣闊的未觸及的領(lǐng)土，與我們接觸到的崇高的思想、愿望和意識(shí)維度相比，都變得微不足道。
如果我們開始轉(zhuǎn)移生活的焦點(diǎn)，這只是對(duì)我們未來可能的一瞥。
為什么今天的問題和對(duì)未來的展望看起來如此令人生畏？
這是因?yàn)槲覀儚莫M隘、自私的角度看待它們。

But research and residence are two completely different things.
If we only pursue technological progress, which includes the move to other planets, without working on improving the human element—our connection to each other—then that progress will eventually become distorted and turn into a crisis, similar to what we are experiencing today on a smaller scale. Therefore, we need to acknowledge the need to work on human relations; then, the technologies we develop will work to our advantage and could even facilitate positive human connections. Our problems today stem from a lack of awareness about the system, and our unique role in the system.
In addition, there are fields of influence throughout our planet and its atmosphere that most people don’t understand. They, however, are an integral part of our existence and development as humans. It would be interesting to see whether on Mars a woman could undergo a natural birth process, and whether her child would grow up as a normal, healthy human being. However, I wouldn’t wish that experiment on anyone!

但研究和居住是兩件完全不同的事情。
如果我們只追求技術(shù)進(jìn)步，包括搬到其他星球，而不努力改善人的因素——我們彼此之間的聯(lián)系——那么這種進(jìn)步最終會(huì)被扭曲，變成一場(chǎng)危機(jī)，就像我們今天在較小規(guī)模上所經(jīng)歷的那樣。因此，我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到需要努力改善人際關(guān)系；然后，我們開發(fā)的技術(shù)將對(duì)我們有利，甚至可能促進(jìn)積極的人際聯(lián)系。我們今天的問題源于缺乏對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)，以及我們?cè)谶@個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所扮演的獨(dú)特角色。
此外，在我們的星球和大氣中，有許多影響領(lǐng)域是大多數(shù)人不了解的。然而，它們是我們作為人類生存和發(fā)展的一個(gè)組成部分。例如，在火星上，一個(gè)女人能否經(jīng)歷自然的分娩過程，以及她的孩子能否成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)正常、健康的人，這將是一件有趣的事情。然而，我不希望任何人做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)!

Yet, whether or not we could develop naturally on other planets isn’t the core issue. The core issue is that we don’t need to look to other planets; we need only look at our connection to each other. By working on fixing human connections, we would develop a whole new approach to life—sharper senses, emotions and thoughts—and penetrate into a whole new dimension.
I disagree with the vision quoted above by the late Stephen Hawking.
We don’t need to populate Mars.
Nature gave us everything we need, and we can enjoy it all… on one condition: that we rise above our inborn, inflating egos, and discover the beauty of living in perfect unity.

然而，我們能否在其他星球上自然發(fā)展并不是核心問題。核心問題是，我們不需要去尋找其他星球;我們只需要看看我們彼此之間的聯(lián)系。通過修復(fù)人與人之間的聯(lián)系，我們將發(fā)展一種全新的生活方式——更敏銳的感官、情感和思想——并滲透到一個(gè)全新的維度。
我不同意已故的斯蒂芬·霍金所引用的愿景。
我們不需要殖民火星。
大自然給了我們所需要的一切，我們可以享受這一切，但有一個(gè)條件:我們得超越與生俱來的、膨脹的自我，發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在完美統(tǒng)一中的美好。

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.flyercoupe.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處