QA討論：像新加坡共和國(guó)，蘭芳共和國(guó)等由漢族華僑建立的國(guó)家都有哪些？
What are all the countries founded by Han Chinese abroad like the Republic of Singapore and the Lanfang Republic?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
這個(gè)問題的答案在國(guó)內(nèi)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也能找到，但是答案普遍不全，所以搬運(yùn)了美知乎上的討論，感謝觀看
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1. Gija Joseon
Jizi (Gija) was a minister of the late Shang Dynasty in China, named Xuyu.
After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Jizi, the uncle of King Zhou of Shang, established a regime on the Korean Peninsula, known as the Gija Joseon, with its capital in the Pyongyang area of ??the Taedong River Basin. During the reign of King Zhao of Yan, it belonged to the State of Yan together with Zhenfan until the State of Yan was destroyed by the State of Qin, and later by Wei Man of Yan during the Western Han Dynasty. Gija Joseon existed from 1120 BC to 194 BC, and its history lasted for a thousand years.
Jizi brought advanced Yin and Shang culture to Korea. He educated the people with etiquette and taught them farming and weaving techniques. Influenced by Yin and Shang civilization, the society of the Korean Peninsula has made rapid progress. Gija Joseon is known as the "country of gentlemen".
1.箕子朝鮮
箕子（箕子）是中國(guó)商朝末期的大臣，名胥余。
周武王滅商后，箕子作為商王的叔父，在朝鮮半島建立政權(quán)，史稱箕子朝鮮，定都于大同江流域的平壤一帶。燕昭王時(shí)曾和真番同屬燕國(guó)，直至燕國(guó)被秦國(guó)所滅，西漢時(shí)又被燕國(guó)人衛(wèi)滿所滅?；映r從公元前1120年存在到公元前194年，歷史長(zhǎng)達(dá)一千年。
箕子把先進(jìn)的殷商文化帶到朝鮮，以禮教化百姓，傳授農(nóng)耕織造技術(shù)。在殷商文明的影響下，朝鮮半島社會(huì)得到了迅速發(fā)展，箕子朝鮮被稱為“君子之國(guó)”。
Principality of Hà Tiên is a Chinese regime established by M?c C?u, a native of Leizhou, Guangdong, in the southern part of present-day Vietnam. It existed in the 1670s and its ruling center was in Ha Tien.
Hà Tiên is located in the Mekong Delta. It was originally the territory of Cambodia. It is adjacent to Siam and Guangnan, Vietnam. It is the intersection of countries in the Indochina Peninsula. As the ruler, M?c C?u attracted merchants from all over the world, attracted Vietnamese, overseas Chinese, and IndoChinese barbarians, and since then, refugees have gathered, making Hà Tiên prosperous.
2.河仙國(guó)
河仙國(guó)是中國(guó)廣東雷州人莫玖建立的一個(gè)政權(quán)，位于今越南南部，存在時(shí)間在1670年代，統(tǒng)治中心在河仙。
河仙位于湄公河三角洲，原為柬埔寨領(lǐng)土，與暹羅、越南廣南相鄰，是中南半島各國(guó)的交匯處。莫玖作為統(tǒng)治者，招攬了來(lái)自世界各地的商賈，吸引了越南人、華僑、印度人定居，從此難民云集，使河仙繁榮昌盛。
In 1764, the Burmese King Meng Bo invaded northern Thailand. Three years later, the Burmese army captured Ayutthaya, looted a large number of residents and property, and burned the city. The King of Siam was killed and the Ayutthaya Dynasty was destroyed.
Taksin (Taksin) led his troops to break out of the siege, marched eastward, occupied the east coast of the Gulf of Siam that was not occupied by the Burmese army, gathered Siamese soldiers and civilians and Chinese, built ships and expanded the army, in an attempt to rise again.
In October 1767, Taksin took advantage of the Burmese army's retreat to the north and led the fleet along the coastal road into the Chao Phraya River, breaking the enemy camp and recaptured Ayutthaya.
Due to the looting of the Burmese army, the population and property of the capital suffered heavy losses, and the royal palace and temple were burned down. Taksin established a new capital in Thonburi on the banks of the Chao Phraya River and founded the Thonburi Dynasty. Taksin was crowned king in December of the same year, and the Chinese called him Zheng Wang.
3.泰國(guó)吞武里王朝
1764年，緬王孟駁入侵泰國(guó)北部。三年后，緬軍攻陷阿瑜陀耶城，大批居民和財(cái)物被洗劫一空，焚毀城池，暹羅國(guó)王被殺，阿瑜陀耶王朝滅亡。
鄭信率部突圍，東進(jìn)，占領(lǐng)了緬軍未占領(lǐng)的暹羅灣東岸，聚集暹羅軍民和中國(guó)人，建造船只擴(kuò)充軍隊(duì)，企圖東山再起。
1767年10月，鄭信趁緬軍北退之機(jī)，率領(lǐng)船隊(duì)沿海道進(jìn)入昭披耶河大破敵營(yíng)，收復(fù)阿瑜陀耶城。
由于緬軍的洗劫，首都人口、財(cái)產(chǎn)損失慘重，王宮、寺廟被焚毀。鄭信在湄南河畔的吞武里建立新都，建立了吞武里王朝。同年12月，鄭信加冕為王，當(dāng)?shù)厝A人稱他為鄭王。
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The Wu Kingdom was a Chinese hereditary monarchy that once existed in the central part of the Malay Peninsula. The regime was established by Wu Rang, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian in 1775. Because the regime did not have a specific country name and its ruler was surnamed Wu, it was called the Malay Wu Kingdom. Its ruling center was in Songkhla, and it was destroyed by the British in 1904. The Malay Wu Kingdom existed for 129 years from its establishment in 1775 to becoming a British colony in 1904.
In 1791, Wu Wenhui was promoted to Duke for his meritorious service in defending against Burma. After that, the lord of Songkhla was inherited by the Wu family for eight generations. It was not until 1904 that the Wu family's rule in the central part of the Malay Peninsula ended.
4.馬來(lái)吳氏王國(guó)
吳國(guó)是馬來(lái)半島中部曾經(jīng)存在的一個(gè)華人世襲君主制國(guó)家。該政權(quán)由福建漳州人吳讓于1775年建立，因該政權(quán)沒有具體國(guó)名，統(tǒng)治者姓吳，故稱馬來(lái)吳氏王國(guó)。其統(tǒng)治中心在宋卡，1904年被英國(guó)人滅亡。馬來(lái)吳國(guó)從1775年建立到1904年淪為英國(guó)殖民地，共存在了129年。
1791年，吳文輝復(fù)以御緬有功，被晉升為公爵。此后，宋卡城主由吳氏世襲八代，直到1904年，英國(guó)在馬來(lái)半島建立殖民統(tǒng)治，吳氏在馬來(lái)半島中部的統(tǒng)治才結(jié)束。
Liang Daoming was a historical figure during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. He was originally a Chinese who immigrated to Srivijaya and later became the leader of the Chinese in Old Port.
In the early Ming Dynasty, people from the coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian went out to make a living and settled in Srivijaya to engage in sailing and business activities. Liang Daoming, whose ancestral home was in Nanhai, led his family to Srivijaya. Later, more and more Chinese immigrated to Srivijaya, with thousands of people. Because of Liang Daoming's high prestige, he was elected as the leader of the local Chinese. In the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), the King of Majapahit in Java destroyed the old Srivijaya dynasty, and the country was in chaos. At that time, more than a thousand Chinese living in Srivijaya supported Liang Daoming as the King of Srivijaya. King Daoming of Liang led his troops to guard the northern territory of Srivijaya and fight against Majapahit. In ten years, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians crossed the sea from Guangdong to join King Daoming of Liang.
5.室利佛逝王國(guó)
梁道明是明朝永樂年間的歷史人物，他原本是移民到室利佛逝的華人，后來(lái)成為舊港華人的領(lǐng)袖。
明初，廣東、福建沿海地區(qū)的人外出謀生，定居在室利佛逝從事航海和商業(yè)活動(dòng)。祖籍在南海??的梁道明率領(lǐng)家人來(lái)到室利佛逝。后來(lái)，移民到室利佛逝的華人越來(lái)越多，多達(dá)數(shù)千人。由于梁道明威望很高，他被推選為當(dāng)?shù)厝A人的領(lǐng)袖。洪武三十年（1397年），爪哇滿剌加王國(guó)滅亡了舊室利佛逝王朝，國(guó)家一片混亂。當(dāng)時(shí)，居住在室利佛逝的千余華人擁立梁道明為新室利佛逝國(guó)王。梁道明王率軍鎮(zhèn)守室利佛逝北部領(lǐng)土，與滿剌加王國(guó)作戰(zhàn)，十年間，數(shù)萬(wàn)軍民從廣東渡海歸來(lái)，投奔梁道明。
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In the second year of xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1279 AD), the Song general Zhang Shijie was defeated at Yashan, and the left prime minister Lu xiufu carried the young emperor and jumped into the sea and died. His youngest son Lu Zili (named Fu Song) and other survivors of the Southern Song Dynasty fled to Java Island in Southeast Asia on foreign ships. Lu Zili was elected as the leader to try to make another move. Lu Zili led his people to land in Sunta, more than 300 miles away from the northern coast of Java. It happened that Java was in civil strife, so he proclaimed himself the king of Sunta. In the ninth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1411 AD), the Sunta Kingdom sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty.
6、爪哇順?biāo)?guó)
南宋祥興二年（公元1279年），宋將張世杰在崖山大敗，左相陸秀夫背著幼帝跳海身亡。他的幼子陸子立（字復(fù)宋）等南宋遺民乘洋船逃往南洋爪哇島。陸子立被推舉為首領(lǐng)，以圖復(fù)國(guó)。陸子立率族人在距爪哇北岸三百余里的巽他登陸。恰逢爪哇內(nèi)亂，他便自立為巽他王。明永樂九年（公元1411年），巽他國(guó)派使者向明朝進(jìn)貢。
In 1776, Luo Fangbo and Chen Lanbo from Meixian County, Guangdong, founded the "Lan Fang Company" in Pontianak, West Borneo (now West Kalimantan) in Southeast Asia. It was a political organization similar to the East India Company.
In 1777, the "Company" was changed to "Republic", and the "Lan Fang Republic" with Dongwanlu as its capital was established. This year was designated as the first year of Lan Fang. Luo Fangbo served as the first head of state "General Minister of the Tang Dynasty" and was honored by the locals as the "King of Pontianak".
In 1886, this small Chinese country established in a foreign land was fiercely attacked by the Dutch colonial invasion army. The people of the country put up a tenacious resistance, but failed in the end due to poor weapons, and this Chinese country also unfortunately perished. The Lan Fang Republic existed for a total of 110 years.
7.蘭芳共和國(guó)
1776年，廣東梅縣人羅芳伯與陳蘭伯在東南亞西婆羅洲（今西加里曼丹）坤甸創(chuàng)立“蘭芳公司”，是類似東印度公司的政治組織。
1777年，“公司”改為“共和國(guó)”，以東萬(wàn)律為首都的“蘭芳共和國(guó)”成立，并定此年為蘭芳元年。羅芳伯出任第一任元首“大唐總長(zhǎng)”，被當(dāng)?shù)厝俗鸱Q為“坤甸王”。
1886年，這個(gè)建立在異鄉(xiāng)的華人小國(guó)遭到荷蘭殖民侵略軍的猛烈進(jìn)攻，該國(guó)人民進(jìn)行了頑強(qiáng)的抵抗，但最終因武器裝備差而失敗，這個(gè)華人國(guó)家也不幸滅亡。蘭芳共和國(guó)一共存在了110年。
The first king of the Dai Yan Kingdom was Wu Yuansheng, who was originally from Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong. In the middle and late period of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, he fled to Borneo Island in Southeast Asia because his plan to launch an uprising was leaked. In the mid-18th century, he founded the influential Jusheng Company in the local area and became the leader. Later, Wu Yuansheng became a subordinate of Luo Fangbo. In 1777, Wu Yuansheng was stationed in the Daiyan Kingdom in the north of the Pontianak River. At that time, the King of Daiyan was very cruel and the people resented him. In 1783, Wu Yuansheng killed the King of Daiyan. After Wu Yuansheng killed the king, the people were very grateful to him, so he was supported by the people as the king of the Tayan Hilir Kingdom.
8.戴燕王國(guó)
戴燕王國(guó)第一任國(guó)王是吳元盛，原籍廣東嘉應(yīng)府。清朝乾隆中后期，因發(fā)動(dòng)起義的計(jì)劃被泄露，他逃亡到東南亞婆羅洲島。18世紀(jì)中葉，他在當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)立了有影響的聚勝公司，并成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。后來(lái)吳元升成為羅芳伯的部下。1777年，吳元盛駐扎在坤甸河北岸的戴燕王國(guó)。當(dāng)時(shí)的戴燕王國(guó)國(guó)王非常殘暴，人民對(duì)他非常怨恨。1783年，吳元盛殺死了戴燕王國(guó)國(guó)王。吳元盛殺死國(guó)王后，人民對(duì)他十分感激，于是他被人民擁戴為戴燕王國(guó)的國(guó)王。
Before the Han Dynasty, the Natuna Islands were called "Zhanghai Qitou" and Natuna Island was called "Daji Qitou".
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zhang Jiexu, a Chaozhou native in Guangdong Province, came to the Natuna Islands with hundreds of Ming Dynasty survivors. He did not set up a name, but only called himself king, and continued to accept the fleeing Han people. Later generations called it the Zhang's Kingdom.
After Zhang Jiexu passed away, disputes broke out on the islands, and the Netherlands took the opportunity to occupy the Natuna Islands.
9.納土納群島的張氏王國(guó)
漢代以前，納土納群島稱為“漲海崎頭”，納土納島稱為“極大崎頭”。
明末清初，廣東潮州人張杰緒率領(lǐng)數(shù)百名明朝遺民來(lái)到納土納群島，不立國(guó)號(hào)，只自稱王，繼續(xù)收留逃亡的漢人，后人稱之為張氏王國(guó)。
張杰緒去世后，島嶼上爆發(fā)紛爭(zhēng)，荷蘭趁機(jī)霸占了納土納群島。
Singapore broke away from Japanese rule after World War II and joined Malaysia in 1963. On August 9, 1965, the Malaysian Parliament expelled Singapore from the Federation. The next day, Singapore became an independent country, and Lee Kuan Yew was the founding father of Singapore.
Singapore is another country in the world with Chinese as the main body besides China.
10.新加坡共和國(guó)
新加坡二戰(zhàn)后脫離日本統(tǒng)治，1963年加入馬來(lái)西亞。1965年8月9日，馬來(lái)西亞國(guó)會(huì)將新加坡驅(qū)逐出聯(lián)邦。第二天，新加坡成為獨(dú)立國(guó)家，李光耀成為新加坡的開國(guó)元?jiǎng)住?br /> 新加坡是世界上除中國(guó)外，另一個(gè)以華人為主體的國(guó)家。
In the Qin Dynasty, Xu Fu led people to the Japanese archipelago to teach local people how to farm, fish and make paper.
In the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, Huang Senping landed in the northeast of Borneo Island to assist the Brunei Kingdom in fighting foreign enemies, and later became one of the founders of Brunei.
During the Yongle period, Xu Chai Lao was the governor of Luzon, and he was in charge of the military, political, financial and cultural power in the region.
Huang Naishang was a famous overseas Chinese leader in the late Qing Dynasty. He led Fuzhou immigrants to open up Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Fuzhou community in Sibu has continued to this day.
以上這些，都是從古至今華僑建國(guó)成功的例子，除此之外，還有幾位歷史人物在中國(guó)海外交往史上有著不可忽視的影響。
秦朝時(shí)，徐福率人到日本列島，教當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窀N、捕魚、造紙。
元末明初，黃森屏在婆羅洲島東北部登陸，協(xié)助文萊王國(guó)抗擊外敵，后來(lái)成為文萊開國(guó)者之一。
永樂年間，許柴佬任呂宋總督，掌管該地區(qū)的軍政、金融、文化大權(quán)。
黃乃裳是清末著名的華僑領(lǐng)袖，他率領(lǐng)福州移民開拓馬來(lái)西亞沙拉越州的省會(huì)詩(shī)巫，詩(shī)巫的福州社群一直延續(xù)至今。
Natuna Anambas.batam Bintan was
Annexed by Indonesia in October 1963..
It was part of ROC Taiwan Chinese.
印尼廖內(nèi)群島的最大島嶼-民丹島于1963年10月被印度尼西亞吞并。
它原是“中華民國(guó)”下臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）華人的統(tǒng)治區(qū)域。
I am very curious on the profile of the person that raised such question that “Singapore was founded by Han Chinese”.
Shouldn’t a Japanese know what is Singapore that they had attacked and occupied during WW2?
I can’t find any relevance of a country name today.
我很好奇提出“新加坡是由漢人建立的”這個(gè)問題的人的資料。
日本人難道不知道他們?cè)诙?zhàn)期間攻擊和占領(lǐng)的新加坡是什么嗎？
我今天找不到任何與這個(gè)國(guó)家名稱相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
There is no archaeological evidence to support that Gija came from the Zhou dynasty.
沒有任何考古證據(jù)證明箕子來(lái)自中國(guó)周朝。
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Singapore was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles. Most certainly not a Han Chinese. Lee Kuan Yew was the founder of Modern Singapore.
新加坡是由托馬斯·斯坦福·萊佛士爵士創(chuàng)立的，而不是漢人?，F(xiàn)代新加坡的創(chuàng)始人是李光耀。
Great research. Can you provide some lixs to the information relating to Korea, Thailand and Malaysia? Thank you.
很棒的研究。你能提供一些有關(guān)韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)和馬來(lái)西亞的信息鏈接嗎？謝謝。
Kelvin Lee （李維山） · Mon
有時(shí)候我很好奇你是怎么有時(shí)間讀這么長(zhǎng)的歷史的。我讀了很多書，我認(rèn)為自己讀得很快，但你似乎就像一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)人工智能。
Borrow the wisdom of others.
借鑒別人的智慧。
Fonding of history is a disease among Chinese lol…h(huán)e has it in late stage :)
迷戀歷史是中國(guó)人的一種病，哈哈，他們已經(jīng)到了晚期了：)
Chinese Didn't participate in western colonization of the world that's why you don't see Chinese majority countries all over the world
You see some black majority countries in the Caribbean and some Indian majority countries in the Pacific
Black and Indian participate in western colonialism that's why they get lots of lands
中國(guó)人沒有參與西方對(duì)世界的殖民，所以你看不到世界各地出現(xiàn)華人占多數(shù)的國(guó)家。
加勒比地區(qū)有一些黑人占多數(shù)的國(guó)家，太平洋地區(qū)有一些印度人占多數(shù)的國(guó)家。
黑人和印度人參與了西方殖民主義，所以他們得到了很多土地。