CaiLei
1. Gija Joseon
Jizi (Gija) was a minister of the late Shang Dynasty in China, named Xuyu.
After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Jizi, the uncle of King Zhou of Shang, established a regime on the Korean Peninsula, known as the Gija Joseon, with its capital in the Pyongyang area of the Taedong River Basin. During the reign of King Zhao of Yan, it belonged to the State of Yan together with Zhenfan until the State of Yan was destroyed by the State of Qin, and later by Wei Man of Yan during the Western Han Dynasty. Gija Joseon existed from 1120 BC to 194 BC, and its history lasted for a thousand years.
Jizi brought advanced Yin and Shang culture to Korea. He educated the people with etiquette and taught them farming and weaving techniques. Influenced by Yin and Shang civilization, the society of the Korean Peninsula has made rapid progress. Gija Joseon is known as the "country of gentlemen".

1，箕子朝鮮。
箕子是中國商朝晚期的一位大臣，名叫胥余。
周武王滅商朝后，商紂王的叔叔箕子在朝鮮半島建立了一個政權，稱為朝鮮半島政權，首都在大同江流域的平壤地區(qū)。在燕昭王統(tǒng)治時期，箕子和真番一起屬于燕國，直到燕國被秦國所滅，后來在西漢時期被燕國的衛(wèi)滿所滅?；映r存在于公元前1120年至公元前194年，其歷史長達一千年。
箕子給朝鮮帶來了先進的殷商文化。他用禮儀教育人們，教他們耕作和編織技術。受殷商文明的影響，朝鮮半島的社會取得了長足的進步?；映r被稱為“紳士之國”。
（譯注：真番國是西漢時期設立的一個國家，后來成為漢四郡之一。? 真番國最初是由衛(wèi)滿朝鮮的一部分，漢武帝在公元前109年滅衛(wèi)滿朝鮮后，次年在其地設立了真番郡，使其成為漢四郡之一。?真番國的地理位置大約在今韓國東北部，與玄菟郡、樂浪郡和臨屯郡合稱漢四郡。）
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2. Principality of Hà Tiên
Principality of Hà Tiên is a Chinese regime established by M?c C?u, a native of Leizhou, Guangdong, in the southern part of present-day Vietnam. It existed in the 1670s and its ruling center was in Ha Tien.
Hà Tiên is located in the Mekong Delta. It was originally the territory of Cambodia. It is adjacent to Siam and Guangnan, Vietnam. It is the intersection of countries in the Indochina Peninsula. As the ruler, M?c C?u attracted merchants from all over the world, attracted Vietnamese, overseas Chinese, and IndoChinese barbarians, and since then, refugees have gathered, making Hà Tiên prosperous.

2，河仙公國；
河仙公國是由鄚玖建立的一個中國政權，他是廣東雷州人，位于今天的越南南部。它存在于17世紀70年代，它的統(tǒng)治中心在越南河仙。
河仙位于湄公河三角洲。它原本是柬埔寨的領土。它毗鄰暹羅和廣南。它是印度支那半島國家的交匯處。作為統(tǒng)治者，鄚玖吸引了來自世界各地的商人，吸引了越南人、海外華人和印度支那蠻族，從那以后，難民不斷聚集，使得河仙繁榮起來。
（譯注：河仙國，中國叫港口國，是廣東雷州人鄚玖（越南語:M?c C?u）在今越南南部建立的一個華人政權，存在時間為17世紀70年代，統(tǒng)治中心在河仙。1670年，由鄚玖建立，歷四世五主，于1809年最終滅亡，是南洋華人政權中存在時間較長的一個。
鄚玖（1655年6月11日－1735年7月17日），本姓“莫”，及至僑居越南后，因避免與篡黎自立的莫登庸的家姓相混淆，便在自己的姓上加上“邑”字旁，成為“鄚”氏 ，17世紀末、18世紀初越南河仙鎮(zhèn)的華僑領袖及實際統(tǒng)治者。他本是中國廣東雷州人氏，明朝滅亡后，因不愿受滿清的統(tǒng)治，于是僑居位于湄公河三角洲的河仙（即現(xiàn)今的越南堅江?。?，在該地積極開發(fā)及進行管治（及后向越南舊阮稱臣，獲授河仙鎮(zhèn)總兵一職），使之成為繁榮的中南半島城市，并備受當?shù)厝A僑的尊崇。）

3. Thonburi Dynasty of Thailand
In 1764, the Burmese King Meng Bo invaded northern Thailand. Three years later, the Burmese army captured Ayutthaya, looted a large number of residents and property, and burned the city. The King of Siam was killed and the Ayutthaya Dynasty was destroyed.
Taksin (Taksin) led his troops to break out of the siege, marched eastward, occupied the east coast of the Gulf of Siam that was not occupied by the Burmese army, gathered Siamese soldiers and civilians and Chinese, built ships and expanded the army, in an attempt to rise again.
In October 1767, Taksin took advantage of the Burmese army's retreat to the north and led the fleet along the coastal road into the Chao Phraya River, breaking the enemy camp and recaptured Ayutthaya.
Due to the looting of the Burmese army, the population and property of the capital suffered heavy losses, and the royal palace and temple were burned down. Taksin established a new capital in Thonburi on the banks of the Chao Phraya River and founded the Thonburi Dynasty. Taksin was crowned king in December of the same year, and the Chinese called him Zheng Wang.

3，吞武里王朝
1764年，緬甸國王孟波入侵泰國北部。三年后，緬軍攻陷大城府，掠奪大量居民和財產(chǎn)，焚毀城市。暹羅國王被殺，大城府王朝被滅。
鄭信(Taksin)率部突圍，東進，占領未被緬軍占領的暹羅灣東岸，集結暹羅軍民和華人，造船擴軍，企圖再次崛起。
1767年10月，鄭信乘緬軍向北撤退之機，率領艦隊沿沿海公路進入湄南河，破敵大營，奪回大城府。
由于緬軍的劫掠，首都人口和財產(chǎn)損失慘重，王宮和寺廟被焚毀。鄭信在湄南河畔的吞武里建立新都，建立吞武里王朝。同年12月鄭信加冕為王，中國人稱他為鄭王。

4. Malay Wu Kingdom
The Wu Kingdom was a Chinese hereditary monarchy that once existed in the central part of the Malay Peninsula. The regime was established by Wu Rang, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian in 1775. Because the regime did not have a specific country name and its ruler was surnamed Wu, it was called the Malay Wu Kingdom. Its ruling center was in Songkhla, and it was destroyed by the British in 1904. The Malay Wu Kingdom existed for 129 years from its establishment in 1775 to becoming a British colony in 1904.
In 1791, Wu Wenhui was promoted to Duke for his meritorious service in defending against Burma. After that, the lord of Songkhla was inherited by the Wu family for eight generations. It was not until 1904 that the Wu family's rule in the central part of the Malay Peninsula ended.

4，吳氏王國
吳國是曾經(jīng)存在于馬來半島中部的中國世襲君主制國家。這個政權是由福建漳州人吳讓于1775年建立，的。因為該政權沒有具體的國名，其統(tǒng)治者姓吳，故稱馬來吳國。它的統(tǒng)治中心在宋卡，1904年被英國人摧毀。馬來吳國從1775年建立到1904年成為英國殖民地，存在了129年。
1791年，吳文輝因在抵御緬甸的戰(zhàn)斗中立功被提升為公爵。之后，宋卡領主由吳家八代繼承。直到1904年，吳氏家族在馬來半島中部的統(tǒng)治才宣告結束。
（譯注：馬來半島中部的華人世襲制君主政權；吳氏王國，是曾經(jīng)存在于馬來半島中部的一個華人世襲制君主政權。屬于泰國吞武里王朝鄭信旗下；東南亞大多數(shù)因為受到印度文化的影響，基本實行的曼陀羅體質，大國旗下很多小國，小國旗下還有小國，以此類推；）

5. Srivijaya Kingdom
Liang Daoming was a historical figure during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. He was originally a Chinese who immigrated to Srivijaya and later became the leader of the Chinese in Old Port.
In the early Ming Dynasty, people from the coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian went out to make a living and settled in Srivijaya to engage in sailing and business activities. Liang Daoming, whose ancestral home was in Nanhai, led his family to Srivijaya. Later, more and more Chinese immigrated to Srivijaya, with thousands of people. Because of Liang Daoming's high prestige, he was elected as the leader of the local Chinese. In the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), the King of Majapahit in Java destroyed the old Srivijaya dynasty, and the country was in chaos. At that time, more than a thousand Chinese living in Srivijaya supported Liang Daoming as the King of Srivijaya. King Daoming of Liang led his troops to guard the northern territory of Srivijaya and fight against Majapahit. In ten years, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians crossed the sea from Guangdong to join King Daoming of Liang.

5，三佛齊王國
梁道明是明朝永樂年間的一位歷史人物。他原本是移民到巨港的華人，后來成為巨港華人的領袖。
明初，廣東、福建沿海地區(qū)的人們外出謀生，定居在巨港從事航海和商業(yè)活動。祖籍廣東南海的梁道明帶領全家來到巨港。后來越來越多的中國人移民到巨港，有幾千人。由于梁道明在的威望很高，他被選為當?shù)厝A人的領袖。洪武三十年(1397年)，爪哇島的滿者伯夷國王滅舊三佛齊國（巨港），國家大亂。當時，一千多名居住在巨港的中國人支持梁為三佛齊王國國王，梁道明率領他的軍隊守衛(wèi)著北境的巨港，并與滿者伯夷作戰(zhàn)。十年間，數(shù)萬軍民從廣東渡海，投奔梁道明。
（譯注：巨港是三佛齊王國的發(fā)祥地，也是中國明代行政機構舊港宣慰司政府駐地。后來舊港宣慰司被滿者伯夷帝國摧毀。三佛齊王國，別稱室利佛逝，梵語名字，室利佛逝是東南亞古代最強大的王國之一，是第一個勢力范圍及于整個馬來群島的王國。8-10世紀曾是大乘佛教的主要傳播中心。室利佛逝的官方語言為馬來語，正是由于室利佛逝的影響力，馬來語逐漸成為南洋群島的通用語。）

6. Sunda Kingdom in Java
In the second year of xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1279 AD), the Song general Zhang Shijie was defeated at Yashan, and the left prime minister Lu xiufu carried the young emperor and jumped into the sea and died. His youngest son Lu Zili (named Fu Song) and other survivors of the Southern Song Dynasty fled to Java Island in Southeast Asia on foreign ships. Lu Zili was elected as the leader to try to make another move. Lu Zili led his people to land in Sunta, more than 300 miles away from the northern coast of Java. It happened that Java was in civil strife, so he proclaimed himself the king of Sunta. In the ninth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1411 AD), the Sunta Kingdom sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty.

6.爪哇順塔國
南宋祥興二年(公元1279年)，宋將軍張士杰在崖山兵敗，左丞相陸秀夫背著幼帝跳海而亡。他的小兒子陸自立和其他南宋遺民乘坐外國船只逃到了東南亞的爪哇島。陸自立被推舉為首領，以圖東山再起。陸自立率領他的人民在離爪哇北海岸300多英里的順塔登陸。恰好爪哇內亂，于是登基為順塔國王。明朝永樂九年(公元1411年)，順塔國派遣使節(jié)向明朝進貢。

7. Lan Fang Republic
In 1776, Luo Fangbo and Chen Lanbo from Meixian County, Guangdong, founded the "Lan Fang Company" in Pontianak, West Borneo (now West Kalimantan) in Southeast Asia. It was a political organization similar to the East India Company.
In 1777, the "Company" was changed to "Republic", and the "Lan Fang Republic" with Dongwanlu as its capital was established. This year was designated as the first year of Lan Fang. Luo Fangbo served as the first head of state "General Minister of the Tang Dynasty" and was honored by the locals as the "King of Pontianak".
In 1886, this small Chinese country established in a foreign land was fiercely attacked by the Dutch colonial invasion army. The people of the country put up a tenacious resistance, but failed in the end due to poor weapons, and this Chinese country also unfortunately perished. The Lan Fang Republic existed for a total of 110 years.

7，蘭芳共和國
1776年，廣東梅縣人羅芳伯和陳蘭伯在東南亞西婆羅洲(今西加里曼丹)的坤甸創(chuàng)辦了“蘭芳公司”。這是一個類似于東印度公司的政治組織。
1777年“公司”改為“共和國”，建立了以東灣路為首都的“蘭芳共和國”。這一年被定為蘭芳元年。羅芳伯曾擔任第一任國家元首“大唐總長”，被當?shù)厝俗鸱Q為“坤甸國王”。
1886年，這個建立在異鄉(xiāng)的中國小國遭到了荷蘭殖民侵略軍的猛烈攻擊。這個國家的人民進行了頑強的抵抗，但最終由于武器簡陋而失敗，這個中國國家也不幸滅亡了。蘭芳共和國總共存在了110年。
（譯注：蘭芳大統(tǒng)制共和國（Lan Fang Republic，1776年～1888年），通常簡稱蘭芳共和國，是存在于南洋婆羅洲（現(xiàn)稱加里曼丹島）上的海外華人所創(chuàng)立的第一個共和國。）

8. Tayan Hilir Kingdom
The first king of the Dai Yan Kingdom was Wu Yuansheng, who was originally from Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong. In the middle and late period of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, he fled to Borneo Island in Southeast Asia because his plan to launch an uprising was leaked. In the mid-18th century, he founded the influential Jusheng Company in the local area and became the leader. Later, Wu Yuansheng became a subordinate of Luo Fangbo. In 1777, Wu Yuansheng was stationed in the Daiyan Kingdom in the north of the Pontianak River. At that time, the King of Daiyan was very cruel and the people resented him. In 1783, Wu Yuansheng killed the King of Daiyan. After Wu Yuansheng killed the king, the people were very grateful to him, so he was supported by the people as the king of the Tayan Hilir Kingdom.

8，戴燕王國
戴燕王國的第一任國王是吳元勝，祖籍廣東嘉應縣。清朝乾隆中后期，因為發(fā)動起義的計劃被泄露，他逃到了東南亞的婆羅洲島。18世紀中期，他在當?shù)貏?chuàng)辦了頗具影響力的聚盛公司，并成為領導者。后來，吳元勝成了羅芳伯的下屬。1777年，吳元勝駐扎在坤甸河以北的戴燕王國。那時，戴燕國王非常殘暴，人們對他非常憎恨。1783年，吳元勝殺死了戴燕國王。吳元勝殺死國王后，人們非常感激他，因此他被人民擁戴為戴燕王國的國王。
（譯注：戴燕王國（Tayau），存在于18世紀中后期至19世紀中葉，是由中國廣東人吳元盛在婆羅洲北部建立的一個王國。吳元盛逝世后，其子年幼，由其妻襲位為女王，清代旅行家、航海家謝清高出海游歷南洋時（1783—1797年間），戴燕女王還在位，謝清高在《海錄》一書中就記載了戴燕王國。此后戴燕國王位由吳氏世襲四代立國百余年，直至19世紀末期，才淪為荷蘭的殖民地而滅亡。）

9. Zhang's Kingdom in the Natuna Islands
Before the Han Dynasty, the Natuna Islands were called "Zhanghai Qitou" and Natuna Island was called "Daji Qitou".
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zhang Jiexu, a Chaozhou native in Guangdong Province, came to the Natuna Islands with hundreds of Ming Dynasty survivors. He did not set up a name, but only called himself king, and continued to accept the fleeing Han people. Later generations called it the Zhang's Kingdom.
After Zhang Jiexu passed away, disputes broke out on the islands, and the Netherlands took the opportunity to occupy the Natuna Islands.

9，納土納群島的張氏王國；
漢代以前，納土納群島被稱為“漲海崎頭”，納土納島被稱為“大吉崎頭”。
明末清初，廣東人張杰緒帶著數(shù)百名明朝遺民來到納土納群島。他沒有立名，只稱自己為王，繼續(xù)接收逃亡的漢人。后人稱之為張氏王國。
張去世后，群島上爆發(fā)紛爭，荷蘭趁機占領納土納群島。

10. Republic of Singapore
Singapore broke away from Japanese rule after World War II and joined Malaysia in 1963. On August 9, 1965, the Malaysian Parliament expelled Singapore from the Federation. The next day, Singapore became an independent country, and Lee Kuan Yew was the founding father of Singapore.
Singapore is another country in the world with Chinese as the main body besides China.

10，新加坡共和國
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，新加坡脫離日本統(tǒng)治，于1963年加入馬來西亞。1965年8月9日，馬來西亞議會將新加坡驅逐出聯(lián)邦。第二天，新加坡成為獨立國家，李光耀是新加坡的國父。
新加坡是世界上除中國之外又一個以華人為主體的國家。

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The above are examples of successful overseas Chinese founding countries from ancient times to the present. In addition, there are also several historical figures who have an unignorable influence on the history of China's overseas exchanges.
In the Qin Dynasty, Xu Fu led people to the Japanese archipelago to teach local people how to farm, fish and make paper.
In the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, Huang Senping landed in the northeast of Borneo Island to assist the Brunei Kingdom in fighting foreign enemies, and later became one of the founders of Brunei.
During the Yongle period, Xu Chai Lao was the governor of Luzon, and he was in charge of the military, political, financial and cultural power in the region.
Huang Naishang was a famous overseas Chinese leader in the late Qing Dynasty. He led Fuzhou immigrants to open up Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Fuzhou community in Sibu has continued to this day.

以上是從古到今海外華人建國成功的例子。此外，還有幾位歷史人物對中國海外交流史有著不可忽視的影響。
秦朝時，徐福率人到日本列島，教當?shù)厝巳绾畏N田、捕魚、造紙。
元末明初，黃森平在婆羅洲島東北登陸，協(xié)助文萊王國抗擊外敵，后成為文萊的創(chuàng)建者之一。
永樂年間，徐柴老為呂宋總督，掌管該地區(qū)的軍事、政治、財政、文化大權。
黃乃尚是晚清著名的華僑領袖。他帶領福州移民開辟馬來西亞沙撈越的詩巫。詩巫的福州社區(qū)一直延續(xù)至今。
（譯注：許柴佬：明初僑居呂宋（今菲律賓），因經(jīng)商有方，后成為呂宋島巨富。在當?shù)叵碛惺⒆u，為華僑界領袖。明永樂三年（1405年），欽差大臣三保太監(jiān)鄭和下西洋，巡蒞菲律賓群島，奉永樂帝詔書封許柴佬為呂宋總督，統(tǒng)攬該區(qū)域軍、政、財、文大權。任職直到永樂二十二年（1424年），達20年之久。許氏宗親說，許柴佬的祖籍晉江深滬，位于晉江金井坑口呼哈山的墓碑可以作證。
黃乃裳，原名久美（也有寫作玖美、九美），字紱丞，號慕華，晚號退庵居士。福建福州市閩清縣六都湖峰（今坂東鎮(zhèn)湖頭村）人，基督徒。是中國清末民初的華僑領袖、民主革命家、教育家。黃乃裳后來追隨孫中山，是老同盟會會員，曾任福建省省長。）