為什么大多數(shù)中國人是實用主義者？

Frank
Assuming the question holds merit, then A few observations-1 recently we had an idealistic leader and the society got very badly burnt that's for one and for a long time China had not had aristocratic class they were buried . The role of the common people is to support the decisions made by the emperor.

假設(shè)這個問題有道理，那么有幾點觀察——1、最近我們有一個理想主義的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，社會受到了很大的傷害，這是其中之一；長期以來，中國沒有貴族階級，它們被埋葬了。普通人的角色是支持皇帝做出的決策。

Shugu
the whole country has been in a rural environment for thousands of years and resources are basically what they need really badly. How can you expect them to be idealist? just to starve themslves for feeding others?

整個國家?guī)浊陙硪恢碧幱谵r(nóng)村環(huán)境，資源基本上是他們非常需要的東西。你怎么能指望他們是理想主義者呢？只是為了喂別人而餓死自己？

James
In the old days, at the war times, most people could bearly fill their stomach. As a result, every resource available would be used wisely to achieve its greatest effect. People only care about physical needs.
Nowadays, when the living standard has increased and the necessity of living are most possessed by families, people pay more attention to mental fulfillment, which what they are looking for are less pragmatic: people may buy purses that are expansive just because it's brand is Prada, or people would buy phones made by diamonds just to call somebody. People these days are less pragmatic.

在過去的戰(zhàn)爭時期，大多數(shù)人連肚子都填不飽。因此，所有可用的資源都會被明智地使用，以達到最大的效果。人們只關(guān)心基本的生存需求。如今，隨著生活水平的提高，家庭大多擁有生活的必要條件，人們更關(guān)注精神上的滿足，他們所追求的東西不那么實用：人們可能僅僅因為品牌是普拉達就購買昂貴的包包，或者人們可能會購買由鉆石制成的手機，僅僅是為了打個電話?，F(xiàn)在的人們不那么實用主義了。

Chi Zhang
Nowadays, there is a huge gap between the people who are rich and the people who are poor. In my opinion, most rich people earn their money because they can take advantage of government power rather than they are talented and make contribution to the society. There is not much opportunities for people from lower class. They have to fight and struggle for living, which makes them pragmatist.

現(xiàn)在，富人和窮人之間的差距巨大。在我看來，大多數(shù)富人賺到錢是因為他們能利用政府權(quán)力，而不是因為他們有才能并為社會做出了貢獻。低層次的人幾乎沒有機會，他們必須為生存而奮斗，這使得他們變得實用主義。

Dianmeng Zhu
I suppose the answer is quite simple, heavy pressure under people. In addition, sometimes pragmatic becomes popular or natural among young generation is because older generation are keep discussing about pragmatic. It reminds us young people all day along to take pragmatic seriously. Actually, I think we need to ignore pragmatic as a serious problem, just let everyone pursue what he or she wants.

我想答案其實很簡單，人民承受了巨大的壓力。此外，有時候務(wù)實在年輕一代中變得流行或自然而然，是因為老一輩的人總是不斷討論務(wù)實問題。他們每天提醒我們年輕人要嚴肅看待務(wù)實問題。實際上，我認為我們應(yīng)該忽略務(wù)實問題，大家應(yīng)該追求自己想要的生活。

Zhang Lei
You have enough data to support your point that MOST of Chinese are pragmatists? If not, then maybe there is no question here. And if you want to know why some of Chinese are pragmatic, then I would say it has the same cause as any other country's people become pragmatic: for some people, being practical is a way to cope with real life.

你有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)來支持你的觀點嗎？即大多數(shù)中國人是務(wù)實主義者？如果沒有，那或許問題就不存在了。如果你想知道為什么有些中國人是務(wù)實的，我會說這和任何其他國家的人民變得務(wù)實的原因一樣：對一些人來說，務(wù)實是一種應(yīng)對現(xiàn)實生活的方式。

Yu-Hsing Chen
I think it’s actually much more simplistic in that because you don’t have elections and lobbies in the way the west have, you either go one way or another and not like a lot of the west where it’s really hedging half way more often than not.
Remember when China’s pollution were all over the news and this year now suddenly your hearing India is now way worse and no one’s talking about China anymore?

我覺得這其實更簡單一些，因為你們沒有像西方那樣的選舉和游說，你們要么選擇一個方向，要么選擇另一個方向，而不像西方很多時候都是在中間搖擺。記得當中國的污染問題一直是新聞焦點時，而今年突然你們聽說印度的污染現(xiàn)在更嚴重了，大家卻不再談?wù)撝袊藛幔?br />
It’s because Beijing has gone out it’s way to close down a ton of factories and mines and forced people to go off coal, in almost any less authoritarian state there was no way in hell this happens basically in a year and not you know… several decades. If India goes out it’s way to shut down major coal mines in a region that depend almost entirely on coal economically, it’s going to end up in a civil war on the street, and politicians from this region (and others who see a chance to score points. ) will do all they can to block or delay it, and even though the rest of the country would like less pollution they’d always be lulled into thinking “there must be another way, let’s slow down and think of some other ways “ instead of doing the most obvious things .

那是因為北京采取了強硬措施，關(guān)閉了大量的工廠和礦山，強迫人們放棄煤炭。如果是在其他更少威權(quán)的國家，這種事根本不可能在一年內(nèi)發(fā)生，而是需要幾十年。如果印度決定強行關(guān)閉一個完全依賴煤炭的地區(qū)的主要煤礦，最終可能會導(dǎo)致街頭的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，而且來自這個地區(qū)（以及其他一些看到機會的地區(qū)）的政治家將竭盡全力阻止或推遲此事。即便全國其他地方的人們希望減少污染，他們總會被哄騙以為“應(yīng)該還有其他辦法，我們慢慢來，想想其他辦法”，而不是采取最明顯的措施。

Simai
Dose it not means the principle that the best choice is the one can bring the directly reward or more economical and more durable , instead of ‘mianzi’(the pronunciation of Chinese character‘面子’—if it will be a doctrine , usually means vanity）？

這是否意味著最佳選擇是能夠帶來直接獎勵、更經(jīng)濟和更耐用的原則，而不是“mianzi”（中文“面子”一詞的發(fā)音，如果它是一種學(xué)說，通常意味著虛榮）？

John Chang
You know what? The American is actually more concern about face. They call it “fighting spirit”. Americans like and encourage those fighting spirit. Donald Trump? Joe Biden? Did they do something wrong? They are just two of the numerous example. They would lose too much face by simply said, yah that was wrong.

你知道嗎？美國人其實更關(guān)注面子。他們稱之為“斗志”。美國人喜歡并鼓勵這種斗志。唐納德·特朗普？喬·拜登？他們做錯了什么嗎？他們只是無數(shù)例子中的兩個。如果他們只是說“是的，那是錯的”，他們會失去太多面子。

Tisho Yanchev
Is it fair to say that Americans are in general more ideological and less pragmatic than Chinese?
No, Americans are all pragmatical, when they do things they do it for a practical use, not ideological use, when something they’ve done last month doesn’t have any practical use anymore, they’d just throw it away and make a new one that serve the purpose, in comparison, Chinese and even more so Japanese would do things solely for ideological purposes despite being completely impractical and even uncomfortable. One example that comes to mind would be the Japanese even to this day refuse to build their traditional style houses with heating system or well made doors, during the winter it’s cold as hell, no heating, and the doors barely close, it’s like living in a straw house, all because they don’t want to ruin the traditional architecture, they don’t care about practical use, their care about maintaining the traditional practice, Americans don’t give a crap about tradition, they do things out of practicality.

可以公平地說，美國人總體上比中國人更理想主義、更不務(wù)實嗎？
不，實際上美國人都是非常務(wù)實的，當他們做事時，目的是為了實際用途，而不是意識形態(tài)上的用途。當他們上個月做的事情再也沒有實際用途時，他們會直接拋棄它，做一個新的來服務(wù)目的。相比之下，中國人，甚至更進一步的是日本人，會單純?yōu)榱艘庾R形態(tài)去做事，盡管這完全不切實際，甚至不舒服。一個例子是，日本人即使在今天仍然拒絕建造帶有供暖系統(tǒng)或做好門的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格房屋，在冬天冷得像冰窖一樣，沒暖氣，門也勉強關(guān)上，生活就像住在草房里，全因他們不想破壞傳統(tǒng)建筑，他們不關(guān)心實際用途，只關(guān)心保持傳統(tǒng)做法。美國人不在乎傳統(tǒng)，他們做事完全是出于實際性。

Sara Zhao
There's a famous saying: No matter it is a white cat or a black cat, the one that can catch the mouse is the real good cat.
It was quoted by Dengxiaoping when explaining his idea of launching the open-up policies. And he was proven to be correct in the subsequent years.
It seems that pragmatism is much part of Chinese wisdom which can date back to thousands of years ago when rulers managed to run their country or normal people to keep the pot boiling. This helped the nation survive from every disaster in the history so they can sustain until today.

有句名言：不管是白貓還是黑貓，能抓到老鼠的才是真正的好貓。
?在隨后的幾年里，他被證明是正確的。
實用主義似乎是中國智慧的一部分，這可以追溯到幾千年前，當時統(tǒng)治者設(shè)法管理他們的國家或普通人保持鍋的沸騰。這幫助這個國家從歷史上的每一次災(zāi)難中幸存下來，所以他們可以堅持到今天。

Assistant
The perception that many Chinese people are pragmatists can be attributed to several cultural, historical, and social factors:

很多中國人被認為是務(wù)實主義者，這種看法可以歸因于多個文化、歷史和社會因素：

Confucian Influence: Confucianism, which has deeply influenced Chinese culture, emphasizes practical virtues such as hard work, respect for hierarchy, and the importance of relationships. This philosophy encourages a pragmatic approach to life, focusing on real-world outcomes and social harmony.

儒家思想的影響：儒家思想深刻影響了中國文化，強調(diào)諸如勤奮、尊重等級制度以及人際關(guān)系的重要性等實踐美德。這種哲學(xué)鼓勵一種務(wù)實的生活方式，注重現(xiàn)實世界的結(jié)果和社會和諧。

Historical Context: China's long history of dynastic rule, foreign invasions, and revolutionary change has fostered a mindset focused on survival and adaptability. The need to navigate complex social and political landscapes has cultivated a practical approach to problem-solving.

歷史背景：中國悠久的朝代統(tǒng)治史、外敵入侵和革命變革的歷史促使人們形成了一種關(guān)注生存和適應(yīng)的思維模式。需要在復(fù)雜的社會和政治環(huán)境中生存，這培養(yǎng)了務(wù)實的解決問題的方法。

Economic Reforms: Since the late 1970s, China's economic reforms under Deng xiaoping have prioritized practical results over ideological purity. This shift towards a market-oriented economy has reinforced a pragmatic attitude, as many people focus on economic stability and personal success.

經(jīng)濟改革：自1970年代末以來，在鄧小平的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國的經(jīng)濟改革將務(wù)實的結(jié)果置于意識形態(tài)的純粹性之上。這一轉(zhuǎn)向市場導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)濟體制加強了務(wù)實的態(tài)度，因為人們更多關(guān)注經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定和個人成功。

Collectivism vs. Individualism: Chinese culture traditionally emphasizes collectivism, where the well-being of the group is prioritized over individual desires. This perspective often leads to practical decision-making that considers the broader implications for family and community.

集體主義與個人主義：中國文化傳統(tǒng)上強調(diào)集體主義，重視群體的福祉超過個人的欲望。這種觀點往往導(dǎo)致務(wù)實的決策，考慮到對家庭和社區(qū)的廣泛影響。

Education and Innovation: The current emphasis on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education in China encourages a practical and results-oriented mindset. This focus on innovation and practical applications fosters a culture of pragmatism.
Globalization: As China interacts more with the global economy, pragmatism has become essential for navigating international business practices and relationships. This exposure has further encouraged a focus on practical outcomes.

教育與創(chuàng)新：當前中國對STEM（科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)）教育的重視鼓勵了一種務(wù)實和以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向的思維方式。這種關(guān)注創(chuàng)新和實際應(yīng)用的教育培養(yǎng)了務(wù)實的文化。
全球化：隨著中國與全球經(jīng)濟的互動增多，務(wù)實主義變得尤為重要，以便應(yīng)對國際商業(yè)實踐和關(guān)系。這種接觸進一步鼓勵了對實際結(jié)果的關(guān)注。

These factors combined contribute to the perception of pragmatism among many Chinese people. However, it's important to note that individual attitudes can vary widely, and not all Chinese people may identify as pragmatists.

這些因素共同促成了許多人認為中國人是務(wù)實主義者的觀念。然而，值得注意的是，個人的態(tài)度可以有很大差異，并非所有中國人都會認同自己是務(wù)實主義者。

Jordan Davis
Pragmatism emphasizes a number of things. It emphasizes experience. Pragmatists is, on the whole, anti-abstractionist. For a pragmatist, we need to explain what differences the concept or theory we're speaking of makes in our actual or at least expected experience. Is it a difference that makes a difference?

實用主義強調(diào)了幾個方面。它強調(diào)經(jīng)驗。總體來說，實用主義者反對抽象。對于實用主義者來說，我們需要解釋我們所討論的概念或理論對我們實際或至少是預(yù)期經(jīng)驗的影響。這種差異是否帶來真正的變化？

It emphasizes fallibilism. It rejects the search for certainty, regulating certainty to a purely psychological status (and I would say affliction). Any belief we might have is entirely revisable in the light of new experience.

它強調(diào)可錯性。實用主義拒絕追求確定性，將確定性限定為一種純粹的心理狀態(tài)（我認為是痛苦）。我們可能擁有的任何信念都完全可以在新的經(jīng)驗面前進行修正。

It emphasizes genuine doubt. Pragmatism is anti-skeptical. For pragmatists, doubt requires as good a reason as belief does. It accepts that we always start in a place of unquestionable of beliefs and proceed from there. Not that those beliefs can't become questionable, but we always at least some beliefs we don't question. That is, we can never genuine questions all our beliefs at once.

它強調(diào)真正的懷疑。實用主義反對懷疑主義。對于實用主義者來說，懷疑需要和信仰一樣充分的理由。它接受我們總是從一些不可懷疑的信念出發(fā)，隨后才會對其產(chǎn)生懷疑。并不是說這些信念不能變得可疑，而是我們總有一些信念是我們不會懷疑的。也就是說，我們不可能一次性對所有信念都產(chǎn)生真正的懷疑。

It emphasizes continuity. Pragmatism, generally speaking, is suspicious of dualisms and dichotomies. Classic dualisms such as mind-body, art work-spectator, analytic-synthetic, person-situation, and so on are much more likely to be seen spectrums or rejected altogether.

它強調(diào)連續(xù)性。總體來說，實用主義對二分法和對立持懷疑態(tài)度。經(jīng)典的二分法，如心靈-身體、藝術(shù)作品-觀眾、分析-綜合、個人-情境等等，更可能被視為一個光譜，或者完全被拒絕。